The first high temperature superconductor was discovered in 1986 by ibm researchers bednorz and müller 3 6 who were awarded the nobel prize in physics in 1987 for their important break through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials.
Ceramic superconductors price.
The high temperature superconductors are ceramic materials with layers of copper oxide spaced by layers containing barium and other atoms.
Mgb 2 costs a few euros per metre versus tens of euros for ceramic.
It has the advantage of being cheaper though.
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The mystery of ceramic superconductors in action.
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It turns out that from a technical or performance standpoint a long flexible single crystal like wire of the highly brittle ceramic superconductor is required.
Many ceramic superconductors physically behave as superconductors of the second type.
The superconductors of technological interest are type ii.
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Mgb 2 needs to be chilled below that of a ceramic superconductor which costs more.
From a cost and fabrication standpoint an industrially scalable low cost process is requiredwith the goal being to meet or beat the price of copper wire.
Most pure elemental superconductors are type i whereas most alloy conventional superconductors and all high t c ceramic superconductors are type ii.
2 superconductivity and crystalline defects.
The yttrium compound is somewhat unique in that it has a regular crystal structure while the lanthanum version is classified as a solid solution.